由于客户生产环境Oracle需要做交叉备份及归档备份，且自己Oracle水平又不高，不敢直接在生产环境动手。但公司的集成环境也有很多项目要跑，所以干脆自己虚拟机装一个测。因为虚拟机已有装好的ubuntu，前两天就直接在ubuntu上装了。但是中间遇到了不小的阻碍，主要是某些依赖拉不到，而ubuntu的依赖安装又和yum冲突，所以昨天决定直接不用ubuntu，改用CentOS-7，总算是顺利完成了。详细过程记录如下。
安装JDK1.8 删除预装的jdk 如果系统中事先存在自带的jdk，则需要删除
1 2 3 4 rpm -e --nodeps java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.102-4.b14.el7.x86_64 rpm -e --nodeps java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.102-4.b14.el7.x86_64 rpm -e --nodeps java-1.7.0-openjdk-headless-1.7.0.111-2.6.7.8.el7.x86_64 rpm -e --nodeps java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.111-2.6.7.8.el7.x86_64
下载jdk 1 wget http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u161-b12/2f38c3b165be4555a1fa6e98c45e0808/jdk-8u161-linux-x64.tar.gz
可以wget下，我这里本地有jdk-8u161-linux-x64.tar.gz就直接用了
1 tar -zxvf jdk-8u161-linux-x64.tar.gz
配置环境变量 全局环境变量是通过/etc/profile配置的
1 [root@192 jdk1.8.0_161]# vi /etc/profile
在文件最下面添加
1 2 3 export JAVA_HOME=/root/java/jdk1.8.0_161 export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/rt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
wq保存后执行
使环境变量生效，注意 . 与 / 之间的空格
检查jdk是否生效 1 2 3 4 [root@192 jdk1.8.0_161]# java -version java version "1.8.0_161" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_161-b12) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.161-b12, mixed mode)
通过yum快速安装Oracle依赖 之前用ubuntu，各种依赖下不到（撞墙）。换了CentOS，yum还是挺好用的，依赖也比较好找。关键是不需要一个个去找依赖（ubuntu的apt-get很多东西下不到，比如很重要的一个glibc）
1 2 wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol7.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/public-yum-ol7.repo wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol7 -O /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
执行结果如下
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 [root@bogon yum.repos.d]# wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol7.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/public-yum-ol7.repo --2018-10-25 20:05:26-- http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol7.repo Resolving public-yum.oracle.com (public-yum.oracle.com)... 69.192.9.199 Connecting to public-yum.oracle.com (public-yum.oracle.com)|69.192.9.199|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 14368 (14K) [text/plain] Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/public-yum-ol7.repo’ 100%[====================================================================================================================================================================================================================================>] 14,368 --.-K/s in 0.01s 2018-10-25 20:05:26 (1.33 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/public-yum-ol7.repo’ saved [14368/14368] [root@bogon yum.repos.d]# wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol7 -O /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle --2018-10-25 20:05:40-- http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol7 Resolving public-yum.oracle.com (public-yum.oracle.com)... 69.192.9.199 Connecting to public-yum.oracle.com (public-yum.oracle.com)|69.192.9.199|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 1011 [text/plain] Saving to: ‘/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle’ 100%[====================================================================================================================================================================================================================================>] 1,011 --.-K/s in 0s 2018-10-25 20:05:41 (296 MB/s) - ‘/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle’ saved [1011/1011]
注意：这里有个坑，CentOS-7的linux版本需要下public-yum-ol7.repo，网上很多教程都是让下public-yum-ol6.repo，其实是CentOS-6用的，yum install的时候会有依赖冲突，在这里卡了很久。。。
1 /var/log/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall
系统中的参数设置 修改/etc/sysctl.conf 在/etc/sysctl.conf文件中，添加以下内核参数
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 536870912 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
输入wq保存即可
加载内核参数 执行
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 [root@bogon yum.repos.d]# sysctl -f fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.shmall = 1073741824 kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104 kernel.panic_on_oops = 1 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2 net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 536870912 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
该命令sysctl.conf -p的效果一样
关闭防火墙 1 systemctl disable firewalld.service
执行结果
1 2 3 4 [root@192 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service. Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
关闭SELINUX（需重启生效） 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 [root@192 ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config [root@192 ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system. # SELINUX= can take one of these three values: # enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced. # permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing. # disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded. #SELINUX=enforcing SELINUX=disabled #此处修改为disabled # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values: # targeted - Targeted processes are protected, # minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected. # mls - Multi Level Security protection. SELINUXTYPE=targeted
配置oracle系统配置文件&授权 执行
1 2 3 4 cat >> /etc/oraInst.loc <<EOF inventory_loc=/home/oracle/ora11g/oraInventory inst_group=oinstall EOF
执行结果如下
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 [root@bogon ~]# pwd /root [root@bogon ~]# cat >> /etc/oraInst.loc <<EOF > inventory_loc=/home/oracle/ora11g/oraInventory > inst_group=oinstall > EOF [root@bogon ~]# ll total 4 -rw-------. 1 root root 1528 Oct 25 16:03 anaconda-ks.cfg [root@bogon ~]# chmod 664 /etc/oraInst.loc
创建oracle安装的目录&授权 依次执行
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 [root@bogon ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/ [root@bogon ~]# mkdir /u01/tmp [root@bogon ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/ [root@bogon ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/ [root@bogon ~]# chmod a+wr /u01/tmp [root@bogon ~]# passwd oracle Changing password for user oracle. New password: Retype new password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
给oinstall组添加oracle用户
1 [root@bogon ~]# usermod -a -G oinstall oracle
新建oracle用户连接，切换至oracle用户
配置用户环境&上传安装包 为oracle用户添加一些必要的环境 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 cat >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile <<EOF TMP=/u01/tmp TMPDIR=/u01/tmp export TMP TMPDIR ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 ORACLE_SID=orcl PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_SID ORACLE_HOME PATH EOF
最后执行以下命令使环境变量生效
执行结果如下
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 [oracle@bogon ~]$ cat >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile <<EOF > TMP=/u01/tmp > TMPDIR=/u01/tmp > export TMP TMPDIR > ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle > ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 > ORACLE_SID=orcl > PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH > export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_SID ORACLE_HOME PATH > EOF [oracle@bogon ~]$ source .bash_profile [oracle@bogon ~]$ $ORACLE_HOME -bash: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1: No such file or directory
上传 将
解压 这个没啥好说的，直接解压
1 2 unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
检查文件夹权限（root操作） database文件夹需要切换成oracle用户权限
1 chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/database
安装数据库 配置db_install.rsp 该文件用于静默安装使用
1 cp -r /home/oracle/database/response /home/oracle/rsp
进入rsp文件夹，新建安装响应文件db_install.rsp
1 2 [oracle@bogon ~]$ cd rsp [oracle@bogon rsp]$ touch db_install.rsp
编辑该文件
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 ##我的/home/oracle/rsp/db_install.rsp oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0 #INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG安装并自动配置数据库实例和监听 建议首次安装用这个 #不然配置另外两个文件，新建实例和监听 oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG ORACLE_HOSTNAME=localhost UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall INVENTORY_LOCATION=/home/oracle/ora11g/oraInventory SELECTED_LANGUAGES=zh_CN,en ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=true oracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.server:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.sysman.ccr:10.2.7.0.0,oracle.xdk:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.oci:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network.listener:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.options:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,orcle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0 oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE #这个是服务名 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl.lts #实例sid oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true #最小256M oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1024 #是否安装scott和hr oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=true oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true #密码全设置成Helloworld_123，初始的sys的dba账号会是这个密码 (需要大小写字母加某些特殊符号，比如下划线，井号，很多其他特殊字符不支持) oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=Helloworld_123 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=/u01/app/oracle/oradata #true DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
执行静默安装 1 /home/oracle/database/runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -responseFile /home/oracle/rsp/db_install.rsp
可以用
1 tail -f /home/oracle/ora11g/oraInventory/logs/installActions2018-10-25_11-30-37PM.log 400
追踪日志
安装成功后会有这样一段提示
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 INFO: Read: Look at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl/orcl.log" for further details. The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user. #!/bin/sh #Root scripts to run /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh To execute the configuration scripts: 1. Open a terminal window 2. Log in as "root" 3. Run the scripts 4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue Successfully Setup Software.
提示说需要用root去执行一下/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
切换到root账号
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 [root@192 ~]# cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/ [root@192 dbhome_1]# ./root.sh Check /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/install/root_192.168.192.142_2018-10-25_23-46-33.log for the output of root script [root@192 dbhome_1]# cat /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/install/root_192.168.192.142_2018-10-25_23-46-33.log Running Oracle 11g root.sh script... The following environment variables are set as: ORACLE_OWNER= oracle ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 Creating /etc/oratab file... Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created Finished running generic part of root.sh script. Now product-specific root actions will be performed. Finished product-specific root actions.
搞定了！！！
切换到oracle用户
测试连接 1 2 [oracle@192 ~]$ sqlplus -bash: sqlplus: command not found
WTF？？？
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 [oracle@192 ~]$ vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile [oracle@192 ~]$ source .bash_profile [oracle@192 ~]$ cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile # .bash_profile # Get the aliases and functions if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc fi # User specific environment and startup programs PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin export PATH TMP=/u01/tmp TMPDIR=/u01/tmp export TMP TMPDIR ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 ORACLE_SID=orcl PATH=/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/home/oracle/.local/bin:/home/oracle/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_SID ORACLE_HOME PATH
PATH后面多添了一些
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 [oracle@dg1 ~]$ sqlplus /nolog bash: sqlplus: command not found [oracle@dg1 ~]$ ln -s $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus /usr/bin ln: creating symbolic link `/usr/bin/sqlplus' to `/bin/sqlplus': Permission deni ed [oracle@dg1 ~]$ su - root Password: [root@dg1 ~]# ln -s $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus /usr/bin [root@dg1 ~]# su - oracle
再不行，没有什么是重启服务器解决不了的。。。
至此就可以用sqlplus连接数据库了
但是window上配置net manager测试却无法访问，错误为ORA-12514 : TNS:监听程序当前无法识别连接描述符中请求的服务
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 # listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora # Generated by Oracle configuration tools. SID_LIST_LISTENER = (SID_DESC = (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl.lts) (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1) (SID_NAME = orcl) ) ) LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521)) (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.192.142)(PORT = 1521)) ) ) ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
重启监听
1 2 lsnrctl stop lsnrctl start
net manager中的服务名为orcl.lts，与tnsnames.ora中的SERVICE_NAME对应
好了 大功告成！
注
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 [oracle@arcgisserver ~]$ sqlplus sys/admin as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 24 09:05:23 2019 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to an idle instance. SQL> startup ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 1068937216 bytes Fixed Size 2220200 bytes Variable Size 725618520 bytes Database Buffers 335544320 bytes Redo Buffers 5554176 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL>
输入startup，启动oracle，如果显示 ORA-01081：无法启动已在运行的ORACLE-请首先关闭它。输入shutdown immediate先将数据库关闭，